The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.